Discovering Syrian Flavours: A Family Dinner Experience

Understanding Syria: Geography and Neighbours

Syria, strategically situated in the heart of the Middle East, shares its borders with several countries, including Turkey to the north, Lebanon to the west, Iraq to the east, and Jordan to the south. To its west lies the Mediterranean Sea, which has historically served as a conduit for trade and cultural exchange. The geographical diversity of Syria, characterised by mountainous regions, valleys, and coastal plains, has significantly contributed to its rich culinary heritage.

The presence of the Mediterranean Sea not only provides a picturesque coastline but also influences the types of ingredients that feature prominently in Syrian cuisine. Proximity to the sea allows for an abundance of fresh fish and seafood options, which are often incorporated into traditional dishes. Furthermore, the climate and terrain support the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, including olives, citrus fruits, and grains, essential to many Syrian recipes. The agricultural products of the region are complemented by influences from its neighbours, enriching the flavours that define Syrian food.

As a melting pot of cultures due to its geographic location, Syria has been influenced by civilisations throughout history, from the ancient Romans and Greeks to the Ottoman Empire. This blend of historical influences is evident in the diverse array of spices and cooking techniques that enhance Syrian culinary practices. For example, the use of spices such as cumin and coriander reflects both local agricultural practices and the historical trade routes that passed through the region.

Overall, the geographic position of Syria plays a crucial role in shaping its cultural identity and, by extension, its cuisine. The interaction with neighbouring countries facilitates a vibrant exchange of food traditions, fostering the development of dishes that are both authentic and indicative of Syria's rich cultural tapestry.

How Geography Shapes Syrian Cuisine

Syria's geography plays a pivotal role in shaping its culinary landscape. The country is characterised by diverse terrains, including mountains, fertile plains, and a lengthy coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. Each of these geographical features contributes uniquely to the flavours and ingredients that define Syrian cuisine.

The coastal areas benefit from a temperate climate, which supports a rich variety of seafood. Dishes such as grilled fish and shrimp pilaf are prevalent in these regions. Additionally, the proximity to the sea influences spice usage and preparation techniques, reflecting how coastal communities have adapted their culinary traditions to harness the bounty of the ocean.

In the central plains, the climate is conducive to agriculture, allowing for the cultivation of grains, fruits, and vegetables. This region is known for producing staples like wheat, which is essential in the making of traditional bread, and legumes such as lentils and chickpeas, which are central to many authentic dishes. The agricultural richness of the plains fosters a reliance on seasonal, local produce, shaping the eating habits of communities.

Rugged mountain regions offer another dimension to Syrian cuisine. The cold climate and varied altitude lead to unique farming practices, with families often relying on foraged herbs, wild greens, and livestock in their culinary creations. These mountainous areas are known for dishes that emphasise hearty ingredients, with a focus on slow-cooked stews and roasted meats.

Overall, the geographic diversity of Syria fosters a rich tapestry of culinary traditions that are deeply influenced by the local climate, agricultural practices, and available resources. This results in a multifaceted cuisine that showcases different flavours, textures, and cooking styles, making Syrian food an enriching experience for those who partake in it.

Historical Influences on Syrian Food Culture

The rich tapestry of Syrian food culture has been significantly shaped by a plethora of historical influences, which reflect the region's diverse civilisation interactions. The ancient land of Syria, strategically located at the crossroads of major trade routes, has been a melting pot of cultures and cuisines throughout the centuries. One of the most prominent influencers was the Ottoman Empire, which ruled Syria for several centuries. This period introduced a variety of cooking techniques, as well as ingredients such as spices and herbs that have become staples in Syrian cuisine. Dishes like kebabs and pilafs, derived from Ottoman traditions, exemplify this culinary integration.

The French mandate, following World War I, further diversified Syrian food culture. During this time, French culinary techniques were introduced, influencing methods of preparation and presentation. The incorporation of dairy products into everyday meals, such as the use of cream and various cheeses in dishes, can be traced back to this period. Dessert offerings too evolved, with the famed ‘pâtisserie’ concept introducing sweet delights that fetched a blend of French and Middle Eastern flavours.

Moreover, the geographical proximity to neighbouring countries has allowed for the integration of various regional cuisines into Syrian gastronomy. For example, Lebanese, Turkish, and Jordanian influences are evident in several traditional dishes. Ingredients like olive oil, fresh vegetables, and tahini appear in many recipes shared across these borders, showcasing the interconnectedness of the region's food culture. As a result, contemporary Syrian cuisine is a harmonious blend of historical legacies that resonate through flavours and culinary practices.

Our Family Dinner: Preparing Syrian Chicken

Preparing a traditional Syrian chicken dish is an enriching experience that goes beyond simply cooking a meal; it involves embracing the heart and soul of Syrian cuisine. For our family dinner, we decided to recreate a classic dish—Syrian marinated chicken—that not only showcased authentic flavours but also brought the family together in the kitchen.

The main ingredient for this dish is, of course, chicken. The marinade is what truly embodies the essence of Syrian cuisine, consisting of a blend of spices that transforms the chicken into a mouthwatering delight. We combined sumac, cumin, and coriander with olive oil, garlic, and lemon juice, creating a fragrant mixture that has become a signature of Syrian gastronomy.

To start, we prepared the marinade, mixing together a quarter cup of olive oil, the juice of two lemons, and minced garlic cloves. We then added two teaspoons of sumac, one teaspoon each of cumin and coriander, and a generous pinch of salt and pepper. As we mixed the ingredients, the aromatic scent wafted through the air, igniting everyone’s appetite. We then submerged the chicken pieces in the marinade, ensuring they were coated thoroughly. Covering the bowl with plastic wrap, we placed it in the refrigerator, allowing the flavours to meld for at least an hour, but ideally overnight.

Once we were ready to cook, we preheated the oven to 190°C. The marinated chicken was arranged on a baking tray, and we roasted it for about 40 minutes, until it achieved a beautiful golden-brown colour. The moment we opened the oven door the rich aromas enveloped us.

Serving the chicken alongside tabbouleh and warm pita bread completed our meal beautifully, allowing us to savour the nuanced spices and textures. Sharing these dishes highlighted the importance of exploring foods from around the globe.